Duke Fuqua School of Business: GM Chair and CEO Mary Barra Describes A Year of Innovation

Although only one example in her 40-year career with GM, Barra’s instinct to question the status quo has helped her lead the firm through new challenges. In just the past few years, those challenges included working with activist investors, developing an all-electric vehicle fleet, producing ventilators, and a reckoning with racial injustice in the U.S. – all while keeping employees safe during a pandemic.

Speaking with Dean Bill Boulding for the Fuqua School of Business Distinguished Speaker Series, Barra described how to steer an organization through rapid change where many elements may be undefined.

“You’ve got to have a great team. What enables us to go fast is valuing diversity – and it’s diversity of thought, experience [and] perspective” – that helps GM make strong and insightful decisions, she said.

Working at ‘ventilator speed’
One of the proudest examples, Barra said, was GM’s collaboration with Ventec Life Systems, a Washington-based company, to increase its production from 250 to 10,000 ventilators a month to avoid a COVID-19-driven shortage of the life-saving devices.

GM and Ventec brought their teams and suppliers together to break through bottlenecks and source the more than 300 components that make one machine. However, one part, similar to an auto transmission, was difficult to source, so GM engineers redesigned it so it could be manufactured at an old GM factory in Indiana. Hundreds of workers were trained to help manufacture the machines, all wanting to help their country and communities during the pandemic.

That fast-action, mission-driven mindset has been encapsulated in a new slogan, Barra said: “ventilator speed.”

“It’s kind of like it turns on a light bulb to say, you’re right, I’ve got to challenge every aspect to see why I can’t go faster,” Barra said. “That’s what allowed us to take time out of our vehicle development process to get electric vehicles on the road more quickly, and it’s applying across many areas of the business.”

Standing up for inclusion
One thing that helps make this all happen is diversity, which sometimes is as simple as having different people at the decision-making table, Barra said.

“When everyone comes to work, they’re valued for who they are, they can be their true self, and they can feel valued for the contribution they make,” she said (see video clip).

Diversity and inclusion have been a focus over the past year for GM as events such as the death of George Floyd created a tipping point or new awakening to racism and racial injustices in the U.S., she said. True to her engineering roots, Barra focused on breaking the problem down into its component parts.

“It definitely starts with listening,” she said. “Before you start solving a problem, you have to make sure you really understand the problem. As we started this journey [toward racial equity and inclusion] last summer, I realized I had a lot to learn.”